全麻诱导不同通气方式对中心静脉压的影响

目的探讨全身麻醉诱导时低潮气量高频率辅助通气与高潮气量低频率辅助通气对中心静脉压的影响,选出对循环血流动力学影响较小的辅助通气方式。方法选择2010年3月～2011年7月于江门市中心医院行全身麻醉的患者120例,随机分为两组,每组60例。Ⅰ组在全麻诱导准备插管前采用低潮气量高频率辅助通气,Ⅱ组在全麻诱导准备插管前采用高潮气量低频率辅助通气,全程监测心率、血氧饱和度、平均动脉压、中心静脉压,分别记录患者在全麻诱导前、全麻诱导时、气管插管后的中心静脉压值（CVP）,比较两组CVP值的变化。结果全麻诱导前及气管插管后两组CVP值差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,全麻诱导时Ⅱ组CVP值明显比Ⅰ组低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论全麻诱导时低潮气量高频率辅助通气对CVP的影响小,较高潮气量低频率辅助通气对CVP的影响较大,但持续时间很短,在气管插管后,这种影响即消失     

Propofol-Induced Dystonia: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

Abstract

Purpose: To report a case of acute dystonia that appears related to the use of propofol in a patient with epilepsy and to report its successful management by diphenhydramine.

Clinical features: A 16-year-old white male with a history of left posterior temporal neocortical onset seizures underwent epilepsy surgery. Preoperative antiepileptic maintenance medications included phenytoin and lamictal. A limited posterior temporal resection (topectomy) was performed, and propofol (Diprivan®) was used to supplement the local anesthesia. During the surgery the patient developed prominent orofacial and extremity dystonia with forced, maximal mouth opening during speech and leg jerking. The movements were associated with agitation and confusion. Following surgery administration of intravenous fos-phenytoin resulted in an exacerbation of the movement disorder. The patient responded favorably to intravenous diphenhydramine therapy; the involuntary movements and confusion abated completely over a 3-hour period. The reaction was classified as moderate in severity, possible in probability and nonpreventable.

Conclusion: Propofol therapy has the potential to induce dystonia that can be controlled by diphenhydramine. The risk of dystonia may be increased in individuals also receiving phenytoin.     

右旋美托咪啶和布比卡因混合液用于臂丛神经阻滞的临床研究

目的评价右旋美托咪啶加入布比卡因对肌间沟法臂丛神经阻滞的影响。方法选择63例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级拟行上臂或手部行手术的患者,随机分成两组:布比卡因组(B组)与布比卡因和右旋美托咪啶混合液组(BD组),B组32例,BD组31例。使用神经刺激仪引导行肌间沟法臂丛神经阻滞,B组给予0.25%布比卡因25 mL,BD组给予含有1μg/kg右旋美托咪啶的0.25%布比卡因混合液25 mL。记录两组患者的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、血氧饱和度(SpO2)以及运动和感觉的阻滞时间。结果两组患者的HR、MAP和SpO2比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者的运动和感觉的阻滞时间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论右旋美托咪啶加入布比卡因用于肌间沟法臂丛神经阻滞可以延长感觉和运动的阻滞时间,对血流动力学无明显影响。     

等比重局部麻醉药用于剖宫产麻醉的体会

目的探讨利用局部麻醉药比重来减少剖宫产术腰硬联合麻醉(combined spinal-epidural anesthesia,CSEA)后仰卧位低血压发生。方法 120例产妇(ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级)随机均分为I和H两组,I组用等比重液(0.5%布比卡因2.0ml);H组用高比重液(10%葡萄糖液1.0ml+0.75%布比卡因2.0ml,注入2.0ml)。比较麻醉起效时间,感觉阻滞达峰平面时间,感觉阻滞最多节段数,低血压发生的时间和例数,围手术期血流动力学变化,注药后患者反应等。结果两组都能为剖宫产手术提供良好镇痛与完善肌松。两组产妇麻醉起效时间,低血压出现时间相近,H组麻醉平面比I组高(阻滞节段数多),低血压发生比I组多,感觉阻滞达峰平面时间比I组短,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与高比重液相比,等比重液对麻醉平面影响较小,可减少剖宫产术CSEA后仰卧位低血压。     

基层医院麻醉恢复室的创建和管理模式

目的探讨基层医院麻醉恢复室的创建及管理模式。方法在洁净手术室创建麻醉恢复室,配置1名麻醉医生,1名固定恢复室护士,2名轮转专职护士,对麻醉后恢复期患者实施监护治疗。结果 2011年全年对2 521例手术患者实施了麻醉后恢复期护理,及时发现和处理了186例麻醉后的并发症,全部安全出室。结论麻醉恢复室的创建和有效的运作,保障了手术患者麻醉恢复期的安全,提高手术室护理质量。     

超声引导下持续髂筋膜阻滞在股骨颈骨折手术中的应用效果分析

目的 探讨超声引导下持续髂筋膜阻滞在股骨颈骨折手术中的应用效果。方法 选取2019年4月至2021年3月长葛市人民医院收治的80例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,并按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组(40例)与对照组(40例)。观察组患者行超声引导下持续髂筋膜阻滞联合喉罩全身麻醉,对照组患者单纯行喉罩全身麻醉,对比观察两组患者心率、平均动脉压、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果 麻醉诱导30 min与术毕时,两组患者心率及平均动脉压均呈先下降后升高趋势,但观察组患者变化程度无统计学差异(F=2.010、0.863,P=0.139、0.425),而对照组患者变化程度较为显著(F=22.271、18.364,P均<0.001),且麻醉诱导30 min时观察组患者心率及平均动脉压均明显高于对照组(t=2.666、3.033,P=0.009、0.003),而术毕时观察组患者心率及平均动脉压均明显低于对照组(t=2.588、2.242,P=0.012、0.028);术后6、12、48 h,两组患者VAS评分均逐渐降低(F=407.181、388.974,P均<0....     

0．75％罗哌卡因用于小儿蛛网膜下腔阻滞中的临床研究

目的探讨0．75％罗哌卡因用于小儿蛛网膜下腔阻滞的合适剂量。方法选择ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级择期手术的小儿患者60例．随机分为三组，每组20例。A组0．75％罗哌卡因2ml（按每厘米椎管长0．15mg给药）、B组0．75％罗哌卡因2ml（按每厘米椎管长0．3mg给药）、C组0．5％布比卡因2ml（按每厘米椎管长0．15mg给药）。用药后观察最高感觉阻滞平面等蛛网膜下腔阻滞运动和感觉参数、监测不同时间段的MAP、HR值和不良反应和并发症。结果A组最高阻滞平面、T10感觉平面阻滞持续时间、平面固定时间、运动起效时间、运动恢复时间，与C组比较，差异有统计学意义（F分别=0．16、7．03、0．57、19．23、1．17，P均〈0．05），与B组比较，差异有统计学意义（F分别=0．21、6．78、0．78、17．98、1．23，P均〈0．05）；A组下肢运动阻滞程度弱于C组，差异有统计学意义（x^2分别=40．83、21．16、10．42，P均〈0．05），与B组比较，差异有统计学意义（x^2分别=36．01、21．16、9．60，P均〈0．05）：B组运动恢复快于C组，差异有统计学意义（F=1．23，P〈0．05）；B组感觉阻滞起效时间与A组、C组比较，差异无统计学意义（F分别=4．13、4．54，P均〉0．05）。结论0．75％罗哌卡因每厘米椎长0．3mg用于小儿脊麻能达到安全麻醉：而0．75％罗哌卡因每厘米椎长0．15mg用于小儿脊麻，运动、感觉阻滞较布比卡因差。     

Integrating computerized anesthesia charting into a hospital information system

Background: Systems for computerization of anesthesia records have typically been stand-alone computers many times connected to monitoring devices in the operating theater. A system was developed and tested at LDS Hospital in Salt Lake City, Utah, USA that was an integral part of the Health Evaluation through Logical Processing (HELP) hospiial information system.Methods: The system was evaluated using time and motion studies to assess impact of the system on the anesthesiologists use of time, an assessment for completeness of the anesthesia record was conducted, and a questionnaire was used to assess anesthesiologists attitudes. Timing studies were performed on 44 surgical cases before computerization and 41 surgical cases after computerization. For both before and after computerization, about 80% of procedures were D&C, vaginal hysterectomy, laparoscopy, tubal ligation, or A&P repair.Results: The study showed a major reduction in time required for charting from 20.4% to 13.4% which was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Other significant factors were a reduction in the time spent scanning the entire area which dropped from 10.5% to 5.6% (p=0.001), patient preparation time increased from 10.1% to 13.1% (p=0.02), the time spent arranging equipment increased from 6.4% to 8.1%, and the average time spent on non-anesthesia activities increased from 6.3% to 11.3%. The computerized anesthesia record was more legible, and complete than the manual record. The overall assessment of computer charting by anesthesiologists questionnaire was positive. The computerized anesthesia charting was preferred by the anesthesiologists, who, after one or two training sessions, used the system on their own.Conclusions: It appears that having a computerized anesthesia charting system that is an integral part of a hospital information system not only saves anesthesiologists charting time, but also improves the quality of the record and was well accepted by busy private practive anesthesiologists.     

美托咪啶用于全身麻醉的随机对照试验的Meta分析

目的评价美托咪啶用于全身麻醉患者的临床效果和安全性。方法电子检索PubMed、EBSCO、Springer、Ovid、外文生物医学期刊全文数据库和CBMdisc、CNKI，文献检索起止时间均从建库至2008年4月，同时检索纳入文献的参考文献，纳人探讨美托咪啶用于全身麻醉患者的临床效果与安全性的随机对照试验，并逐个进行质量评价和资料提取。统计学分析采用RevMan4．2．10软件。结果共纳入25个随机对照试验（共1241例）。Meta分析结果显示：与生理盐水相比，美托咪啶能降低围手术期患者的心率和血压，减少术后恶心呕吐[RR=0．57，95％CI（0．38，0．84）]、躁动[RR=0．29，95％CI（0．17，0．51）]、寒战[RR=0．45，95％CI（0．29，0．68）]，但增加患者心动过缓[RR：2．16,95％CI（1．58，2．95）]和低血压[RR=2．97，95％CI（1．42，6．18）]的发生率。加用美托咪啶能减少硫喷妥钠、异氟醚、芬太尼的用量，而在减少肌松药的用量方面与生理盐水相比，两者差异无统计学意义。美托咪啶在早期苏醒指标上与生理盐水组无差异，由于术后并发症较少，美托咪啶组患者能更快地出苏醒室[WMD=15．17，95％CI（3．87，26．46）]。结论现有有限资料表明，在维持围手术期血流动力学平衡上，美托咪啶优于生理盐水。此外，美托咪啶还能减少术后恶心呕吐、躁动、寒战的发生；减少静脉和吸入麻醉药的用量，但不减少肌松药的用量；在苏醒时间上，美托咪啶与生理盐水组无差异，在出苏醒室时间上，美托咪啶更有优势。